LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON ASSEMBLIES, PROCESSIONSAND DEMONSTRATIONS ——附加英文版
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON ASSEMBLIES, PROCESSIONSAND DEMONSTRATIONS
(Adopted at the Tenth Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Seventh National People's Congress on October 31, 1989, promulgated by
Order No. 20 of the President of the People's Republic of China on October
31, 1989 and effective as of the same date)
Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Application and Permission for Assemblies, Processions and
Demonstrations
Chapter III The Holding of Assemblies, Processions and Demonstrations
Chapter IV Legal Responsibility
Chapter V Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
Pursuant to the Constitution, this Law is enacted to safeguard citizens'
exercise of their right to assembly, procession and demonstration
according to law and to maintain social stability and public order.
Article 2
This Law shall apply to assemblies, processions and demonstrations held
within the territory of the People's Republic of China.
The term "assembly" used in this Law means an activity in which people
gather at a public place in the open air to express views or aspirations.
The term "procession" used in this Law means an activity in which people
line up for a march along a public road or across a public place in the
open air to express their common aspirations.
The term "demonstration" used in this Law means an activity in which
people express their common aspirations, including demands, protests,
support or moral support, in the manner of an assembly, a procession, a
sit-in, etc., at a public place in the open air or along a public road.
This Law shall not apply to recreational or sports activities, normal
religious activities or traditional folk events.
Article 3
The citizens' exercise of their right to assembly, procession and
demonstration shall be safeguarded by the people's governments at all
levels in accordance with the provisions of this Law.
Article 4
In exercising their right to assembly, procession and demonstration,
citizens must abide by the Constitution and the laws, shall not oppose the
cardinal principles specified in the Constitution and shall not impair
state, public or collective interests or the lawful freedoms and rights of
other citizens.
Article 5
An assembly, a procession or a demonstration shall be held in a peaceful
manner; no weapons, controlled cutting tools or explosives shall be
carried, and no violence employed.
Article 6
The competent authorities governing assemblies, processions and
demonstrations shall be the municipal public security bureau, county
security bureau or municipal public security sub-bureau in the localities
where the assemblies, processions and demonstrations are held; if the
route of a procession or demonstration cuts through two or more districts
or counties, the competent authorities thereof shall be the public
security organ at the next higher level to the public security organs in
such districts or counties.
Chapter II Application and Permission for Assemblies, Processions and Demonstrations
Article 7
For the holding of an assembly, a procession or a demonstration,
application must be made to and permission obtained from the competent
authorities in accordance with the provisions of this Law.
It shall not be necessary to apply for the following activities:
(1) celebrations or commemorative activities held by the state or by state
decisions; and
(2) assemblies held by state organs, political parties, public
organizations, enterprises or institutions in accordance with law or the
relevant articles of association.
Article 8
There must be a person or persons responsible for the holding of an
assembly, a procession or a demonstration.
For the holding of an assembly, a procession or a demonstration for which
an application has to be made under this Law, the responsible person(s)
must submit an application in writing to the competent authorities five
days prior to the date of the activity. The application shall specify the
purposes of the assembly, procession or demonstration, how it is going to
be conducted, the posters and slogans to be used, the number of
participants, the number of vehicles, the specifications and quantities of
the sound facilities to be used, the starting and finishing time, the
places (including places where the participants assemble and disperse),
the route, and the name(s), occupation(s) and address(es) of the person(s)
responsible for the assembly, procession or demonstration.
Article 9
After receiving an application for an assembly, a procession or a
demonstration, the competent authorities shall inform the responsible
person(s) in writing of their decision to grant or not to grant permission
two days prior to the date of the activity applied for. If no permission
is granted, the reasons thereof shall be given. Failure to serve notice
within the time limit shall be construed as the granting of permission.
If an assembly, a procession or a demonstration is truly necessitated by
unexpected occurrences, a report must be made immediately to the competent
authorities: upon receiving the report, the competent authorities shall
immediately examine it and decide to grant or not to grant permission.
Article 10
If an application is made for an assembly, a procession or a demonstration
which will press for the settlement of specific issues, the competent
authorities may, after receiving the application, inform the departments
or units concerned to resolve such issues through consultation with the
person(s) responsible for the assembly, procession or demonstration, and
may also postpone for five days the starting date specified in the
application.
Article 11
If the competent authorities are of the opinion that the holding of an
assembly, a procession or a demonstration at the time or place or along
the route specified in the application will seriously affect traffic and
public order, they may, upon or after granting permission, change the
time, place or route and inform the responsible person(s) of the change in
good time.
Article 12
No permission shall be granted for an application for an assembly, a
procession or a demonstration which involves one of the following
circumstances:
(1) opposition to the cardinal principles specified in the Constitution;
(2) harming the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state;
(3) instigation of division among the nationalities; or
(4) the belief, based on sufficient evidence, that the holding of the
assembly, procession or demonstration that is being applied for will
directly endanger public security or seriously undermine public order.
Article 13
If the person(s) responsible for an assembly, a procession or a
demonstration does not accept the competent authorities' decision not to
grant permission, he may apply to the people's government at the same
level for reconsideration within three days of receiving the notice on the
decision, and the people's government shall make a decision within three
days of receiving the application for reconsideration.
Article 14
The person(s) responsible for an assembly, a procession or a demonstration
may withdraw his application after submitting it and before receiving a
notice of the competent authorities; if a decision is made to call off the
assembly, procession or demonstration after receipt of the competent
authorities' notice on the granting of permission, the responsible
person(s) concerned shall inform the competent authorities of the decision
in good time and dismiss the participants if they have assembled.
Article 15
No citizens shall, in a city other than his place of residence, start,
organize or participate in an assembly, a procession or a demonstration of
local citizens.
Article 16
No functionary of a state organ shall organize or participate in an
assembly, a procession or a demonstration which contravenes the functions
and obligations of functionaries of state organs as prescribed in relevant
laws and regulations.
Article 17
If anyone organizes or participates in an assembly, a procession or a
demonstration in the name of a state organ, a public organization, an
enterprise or an institution, he must first obtain approval from its
leaders.
Chapter III The Holding of Assemblies, Processions and Demonstra- tions
Article 18
With respect to an assembly, a procession or a demonstration held in
compliance with law, the competent authorities shall dispatch the people's
police to keep traffic and public order and ensure the smooth progress of
the assembly, procession or demonstration.
Article 19
An assembly, a procession or a demonstration held in compliance with law
shall not be disturbed, broken into or disrupted by anybody by violence,
coercion or any other illegal means.
Article 20
In order to ensure the progress of a procession held in compliance with
law, the people's police responsible for keeping traffic order may
temporarily exercise flexibility in their execution of the relevant
provisions of traffic regulations.
Article 21
If it becomes impossible for a procession to follow the permitted route
because of unexpected circumstances occurring on the way, the chief police
officer present at the scene shall have the authority to change the route
of the procession.
Article 22
If an assembly, a procession or a demonstration is held in or passes by
places where state organs, military organs, radio stations, television
stations or foreign embassies or consulates are located, the competent
authorities may, with a view to keeping order, establish temporary
security lines, which shall not be crossed without permission by the
people's police.
Article 23
No assembly, procession or demonstration shall be held within a peripheral
distance of 10-300 metres from the following places, with the exception of
those approved by the State Council or the people's governments of
provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the
Central Government:
(1) premises of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress,
the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Supreme People's
Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate;
(2) places where state guests are staying;
(3) important military installations; and
(4) air harbours, railway stations and ports.
The specific peripheral distances from the places listed in the preceding
paragraph shall be defined by the people's governments of provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central
Government.
Article 24
The time for holding an assembly, a procession or a demonstration shall be
limited to 6 a.m. - 10 p.m., with the exception of those held by decision
or approval of the local people's governments.
Article 25
An assembly, a procession or a demonstration shall be conducted in
accordance with the purposes, manners, posters, slogans, starting and
finishing time, places, routes and other matters for which permission has
been granted.
The person(s) responsible for an assembly, a procession or a demonstration
must assume responsibility for maintaining the order thereof and strictly
guard against participation by others.
The person(s) responsible for an assembly, a procession or a demonstration
shall, when necessary, appoint special personnel to assist the people's
police in maintaining order. The personnel responsible for the
maintenance of order shall wear identification marks.
Article 26
The holding of an assembly, a procession or a demonstration shall not
contravene the regulations on public security administration and shall not
involve criminal activities or the instigation of crimes.
Article 27
The people's police shall stop an assembly, a procession or a
demonstration that is being held, if it involves one of the following
circumstances:
(1) failure to make an application in accordance with the provisions of
this Law or to obtain permission for the application;
(2) failure to act in accordance with the purposes, manners, posters,
slogans, starting and finishing time, places and routes permitted by the
competent authorities; or (3) the emergence, in the course of the
activity, of a situation which endangers public security or seriously
undermines public order.
If any of the circumstances specified in the preceding paragraph occurs
and the instruction to stop the activity is ignored, the chief officer of
the people's police present at the scene shall have the authority to order
a dismission; for those who refuse to dismiss, the chief police officer
present at the scene shall have the authority to decide, in accordance
with relevant state provisions, on the adoption of necessary measures to
force a dismission and to take away from the scene by force those who
refuse to obey or detain them at once.
If a participant in an assembly, a procession or a demonstration crosses
the temporary security lines established in accordance with the provisions
of Article 22 of this Law, enters a certain peripheral space around the
specific places where no assemblies, processions and demonstrations shall
be held as specified in Article 23 of this Law, or commits other illegal
or criminal acts, the people's police may take him away from the scene by
force or detain him at once.
Chapter IV Legal Responsibility
Article 28
Those who commit acts in violation of public security administration in
the process of an assembly, a procession or a demonstration shall be
punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Regulations on
Administrative Penalties for Public Security. The public security organ
may punish by warning or by criminal detention of not more than 15 days
the responsible person(s) and the person(s) who is directly responsible,
if an assembly, a procession or a demonstration that is being held
involves one of the following circumstances:
(1) failure to make an application in accordance with the provisions of
this Law or to obtain permission for the application; or
(2) failure to act in accordance with the purposes, manners, posters,
slogans, starting and finishing time, places, and routes permitted by the
competent authorities, and disregard of instructions to stop acting
without permission.
Article 29
Any participant in an assembly, a procession or a demonstration who
commits a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in
accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law.
Any participant in an assembly, a procession or a demonstration who
carries weapons, controlled cutting tools or explosives shall be
investigated for criminal responsibility by applying mutatis mutandis the
provisions of Article 163 of the Criminal Law. In a case where no
application has been made for an assembly, a procession or a demonstration
in accordance with the provisions of this Law or no permission has been
granted for the application or where it is conducted not in accordance
with the starting and finishing time, places and routes permitted by the
competent authorities, while the order of dismission is disobeyed and
public order seriously undermined, the person(s) responsible for the
assembly, procession or demonstration and the person(s) who is directly
responsible shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in
accordance with the provisions of Article 158 of the Criminal Law.
In a case where an assembly, a procession or a demonstration leads to the
siege of a state organ or people breaking into it, preventing it from
conducting its business or state activities normally, the person(s)
responsible for the assembly, procession or demonstration and the
person(s) who is directly responsible shall be investigated for criminal
responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 158 of the
Criminal Law.
In a case where an assembly, a procession or a demonstration leads to the
occupation of public places, the interception of vehicles or pedestrians
or the gathering of crowds to block traffic, so that order at public
places and traffic order are seriously undermined, the person(s)
responsible for the assembly, procession or demonstration and the
person(s) who is directly responsible shall be investigated for criminal
responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 159 of the
Criminal Law.
Article 30
Those who disturb, break into or undermine by other means an assembly, a
procession or a demonstration held in compliance with law may be punished
by the public security organ by warning or by criminal detention of not
more than 15 days; if the circumstances are serious and a crime is
constituted, they shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in
accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law.
Article 31
If a party refuses to accept the decision on punishment by detention made
in accordance with the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 28 or
Article 30 of this Law, he may appeal to the public security organ at the
next higher level within five days of receiving the notice on the decision
on punishment; the public security organ at the next higher level shall
make a decision within five days of receiving the appeal; if the party
refuses to accept the decision of the public security organ at the next
higher level, he may institute proceedings in the people's court within
five days of receiving the notice on the decision.
Article 32
Anyone who, in the course of an assembly, a procession or a demonstration,
damages public or private property or causes injuries or deaths to others
shall be liable for compensation according to law, apart from being
punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law or
the Regulations on Administrative Penalties for Public Security.
Article 33
If a citizen, in a city other than his place of residence, starts or
organizes an assembly, a procession or a demonstration by local citizens,
the public security organ shall have the authority to detain him or send
him back by force to his place of residence.
Chapter V Supplementary Provisions
Article 34
This Law shall apply to assemblies, processions and demonstrations held by
foreigners within the territory of China.
Foreigners in the territory of China may not, without approval by the
competent authorities, participate in an assembly, a procession or a
demonstration held by Chinese citizens.
Article 35
The public security department under the State Council may, in accordance
with this Law, formulate rules of implementation, which shall go into
effect after being submitted to and approved by the State Council.
The standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central
Government may, in accordance with this Law, formulate measures for
implementation.
Article 36
This Law shall enter into force on the date of promulgation.
Important Notice:
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
加强企业文化建设 实现企业全面发展
李 彦
先进的企业文化，是企业在长期生产经营、改革发展中倡导、积累、筛选、提炼形成的，是企业生存和发展的内在动力，是规范企业和员工行为的软约束，是提升企业形象、增加企业价值的无形资产，是企业核心竞争力的形成要素和重要组成部分。因此，大力建设企业文化，尤其是先进的企业文化，不仅仅是建设社会主义先进文化的需要，更是企业自身发展的需要。
一、实现企业文化的与时俱进，促进企业的创新发展
企业文化虽然是企业经过多年的发展变化而积累凝聚形成的，是时间和传统的产物，但从企业发展的全过程来看，它却是动态发展的，而且它的发展必须与企业自身的发展和社会经济文化的发展相适应。如果企业文化长期停滞不前，滞后于企业与社会文化的发展，并没有新的血液和活力注入，它就会变得呆板、保守、封闭，并严重阻碍企业的生存和发展。因此，企业要根据自身发展需要和所处社会条件以及时代背景的发展变化，对自己的企业文化不断地反思并积极地改进。
改革开放以来，我国企业的企业文化建设取得了显著的成效，但不可否认，依然存在着种种缺陷和不足。比如，企业经营管理者对企业文化建设的重要性认识不足；企业文化建设形式化、表面化、僵化、简单化；企业文化建设组织系统不健全；企业文化建设缺乏本土文化意识；企业文化建设缺乏人文关怀的理念等等。当前企业文化建设中存在的这些缺陷和不足，也要求企业必须不断地完善与创新。
创新是一个民族进步的灵魂，是国家兴旺发达的不竭动力。勇于创新是企业发展的基础和动力。经济全球化的不断加快，科技飞速发展，国内外市场竞争的不断加剧，要求企业进行技术创新、产品创新、制度创新等多方面的创新,否则就会被市场无情地淘汰。勇于创新是我们建设先进企业文化的重要途径。为了最大限度地发挥企业文化灵魂、导向、约束、激励等作用,保证企业健康发展并不断壮大,我们必须以积极创新的精神来建设企业文化,要在建设战略上创新,在经营理念、人才培养和管理、企业形象确定等具体内容上创新,在手段和方法上创新。只有这样,具有时代特征和鲜明特色的企业先进文化才能得以塑造和形成。从而更高效、快速地促进企业的健康发展。
二、以思想政治工作保证企业文化建设的正确方向，实现企业的稳定发展
企业思想政治工作要保证企业文化的社会主义方向。我国的企业文化是社会主义的企业文化，它必然要受社会主义思想原则、道德规范、行为准则和集体主义价值观的指导。企业思想政治工作就是从党和国家中心工作大局出发，正确处理国家、集体和个人三者的利益关系，通过宣传马克思主义理论和四项基本原则，解决好价值观这一文化建设的核心问题。
企业思想政治工作推动企业文化的形成发展。企业文化的形成发展不能也不应该完全自发地产生，它需要有步骤、有秩序地加以推进，而思想政治工作责无旁贷地承担起推动企业文化形成发展的任务。思想政治工作除了要把工作的落脚点定位于为企业改革发展提供强大的推动力，为改革创造良好的思想基础和工作氛围以外，还要主动为企业文化的形成发展开辟道路。
企业思想政治工作保证企业文化代表多数人的根本利益。企业思想政治工作作为党在企业中政治工作的重要组成部分，必须把维护好、发展好、实现好企业广大员工的根本利益作为一切工作的出发点和归宿。
三、创建以人为本的企业文化，加快实现企业的和谐发展
企业文化建设必须坚持以人为本的科学发展观。以人为本的企业文化强调以人为中心的管理，即企业管理要尊重人、理解人、关心人、依靠人、发展人和服务人。通过对人的有效激励来充分发挥人的主动性、积极性和创造性，以最大限度挖掘人的潜能，更好地实现个人目标和组织目标的契合。以人为本建设企业文化，要求企业在以人为本的企业理念指导下，立足于企业所处的社会文化背景，随着企业环境的不断变化而不断探索新的企业行为方式，来实现组织目标与个人目标的融合。建设以人为本的企业文化，重在营造“员工为上、客户为尊、团队为本”的企业文化环境氛围。
“员工为上”。一个企业要有活力，就要善于调动企业的第一资源：员工的能动性和群体成就感。为此就要不断提高员工素质，促进企业文化建设。一要提高道德素质。首先要加强员工的理论学习，通过学习以“八荣八耻”为主要内容的社会主义荣辱观，使员工懂得应提倡什么，反对什么，什么应该做，什么不应该做，从而树立正确的思想道德观念。其次要积极开展各种健康向上的文化活动，让员工从中受到激励，进一步增强员工追求真善美的意识，养成社会公德、职业道德和家庭美德，树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。二要提高文化素质。创建学习型组织、打造学习型企业是提高全员文化素质的有效途径。企业应通过制定未来发展战略规划，把学习纳入到工作中，真正构建起一种员工人人潜心学习，共同追求进步的氛围，使学习成为企业文化建设的一个重要组成部分。三要提高技术素质。要求员工不仅要懂技术，而且要跟上技术发展的步伐，不断学习掌握新技术，积极参与技术攻关和发明创造，大力开展技术革新改造活动，不断提高自己的技术水平，增强自主创新能力。
“客户为尊”。客户是企业的衣食父母，企业没有任何事情比客户的正当需求更为重要的了。企业生产的目的，是用以满足社会需求、即客户需求的。企业家不仅是经营企业，更重要的是“经营客户”。因此，企业文化建设，就要围绕着如何适应社会需求、如何解决好企业与社会的关系等问题，提升自己的经营理念，打造自身的经营文化，从而更好地“经营客户”。
“团队为本”。团队意识，是指一个群体为实现既定目标显示出的高度同心与同力的精神风貌。如果一个企业散沙一盘或各行其事，那么，这个企业在市场上是不会有竞争力的。当前，应把培育团队精神作为建设企业文化的一项内容。培育团队精神，则需要在树立起对全体员工支配作用的群体价值观，管理者示范、关爱员工等方面花力气。
四、在借鉴整合中发展企业文化，造就企业的开放发展
企业文化建设应当遵循“取其精华，去其糟粕”的原则,遵循继承优秀传统文化与大胆借鉴引用当代先进管理思想相结合的原则，用与现代化相适应的时代视角来审视企业自身的传统文化，经过认真科学的分析与筛选，严格审慎的过滤与提炼，使优秀的传统文化熔铸到现代企业文化之中去。对传统文化中影响生产力发展、影响职工积极性和创造性发挥等方面的已不适应社会和时代经济发展要求的内容，要坚决摒弃；对那些能促进企业生产力发展、有利于提高企业在市场竞争中应变能力等具有现代意识的积极因素，则要继承下来并发扬光大。
先进的企业文化建设，不仅要懂得企业自身，还要懂得企业外部；不仅要懂得中国，还要懂得世界。应该认识到，当今经济全球一体化的发展趋势，已经把中国和世界不可分割地联系在一起，在政治的、经济的和文化的千丝万缕的联系中，一个孤立的中国是不可能发展强大的，一个封闭的企业同样不能发展强盛。我们必须具有开放的眼光，站在人类共有的文化高度认识把握和建设企业文化。应学会以不同的价值标准评判不同的企业文化。企业文化在继承发展借鉴中，才能不断保持和增强自己的生机与活力，才能推动企业开放发展。
参考资料：
1、袁胜洲：《以人为本建设中国特色的企业文化》，《科学社会主义》2006年第4期
2、江泽民：《不断根据实践的要求进行创新》，《江泽民文选》（第三卷）P64—69
3、杨家栋 郭锐：《企业文化学》，中国商业出版社2006年1月第1版
4、喻宝才：《对构建和谐企业的思考》，《学习时报》2006年110月2日第10版
5、李淑华：《推进学习型企业创建的探索和思考》，《学习时报》2006年9月11日第11版
